Bonds and Their Valuation Mini-Case Essay

Sam Strother and Shawna Tibbs are VPs of Mutual of Seattle Insurance Company and co-executives of the company’s benefits subsidize the executives division. A significant new customer, the Northwestern Municipal Alliance, has mentioned that Mutual of Seattle present a speculation class to the chairmen of the spoke to urban areas, and Strother and Tibbs, who will cause the genuine introduction, to have requested that you help them by responding to the accompanying inquiries. Since the Boeing Company works in one of the league’s urban areas, you are to work Boeing into the introduction. a.What are the key highlights of a bond? Answer: 1.Par or face esteem. We for the most part expect a $1,000 standard worth, yet standard can be anything, and frequently $5,000 or more is utilized. With enlisted bonds, which is what are given today, on the off chance that you purchased $50,000 worth, that sum would show up on the declaration. 2.Coupon rate. The dollar coupon is the â€Å"rent† on target acquired, which is commonly the standard estimation of the bond. The coupon rate is the yearly intrigue installment partitioned by the standard worth, and it is commonly set at the estimation of r on the day the security is given. 3.Maturity. This is the quantity of years until the bond develops and the guarantor must reimburse the credit (return the standard worth). 4.Issue date. This is the date the bonds were given. 5.Default hazard is inborn in all bonds with the exception of treasury bondsâ€will the guarantor have the money to make the guaranteed installments? Securities are appraised from AAA to D, and the lower the rating the less secure the security, the higher its default hazard premium, and, thus, the higher its necessary pace of return.

G.E.D Essay Samples - How To Find The Easy And Difficult Essays

G.E.D Essay Samples - How To Find The Easy And Difficult EssaysG.E.D Essay samples are available for just about every student type. G.E.D Essay samples that cater to college students and a bit to high schoolers. They offer a variety of tests to choose from.High school students are more likely to take tests for G.E.D Essay samples. Students in elementary and middle schools are beginning to get G.E.D Essay samples, which include fact finding and essay tests. College students are also able to take some online G.E.D Essay samples, depending on their time. These test options are quite interesting, as they are almost similar to tests given in high school or college.A group of students took an English test recently, which included tests for writing style and grammar. It is great that students are encouraged to write essays, even if they don't have to do it for school. However, not all students think it is beneficial to write essays at home.Some students don't like writing essays at home and would rather go to a college or high school for writing essays. This is fine, but students should be reminded that not all essay samples are easy to take. An essay sample is just a way to practice and learn.It is possible to find G.E.D Essay samples that are easier than others. An easy essay sample will let the student practice on some paragraphs, using a short sentence or paragraph and not worry about grammar or punctuation. An essay sample like this is good for a student who doesn't worry about grammar or writing style, but who has trouble with any type of test.Some more difficult G.E.D Essay samples may require a person to make a small mistake. This will require editing or the user to check his or her work. Some people feel that these types of essay samples are overrated. There are students who don't need to worry about being praised and others who feel the opposite.Students should know that essays like this are for practice and not for taking tests. Taking tests for essays may make the test harder. Taking a test for this reason, however, won't make the test difficult.A simple way to prepare for G.E.D Essay samples is to be organized. The best way to organize your essays is to do them before you start class. G.E.D Essay samples that give tips are also helpful.

Program Assistant Introduction Julia Chung COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Program Assistant Introduction Julia Chung COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Were introducing our new group of program assistants with the Office of Admissions. Youve already met Niara and Kier, so now please meet Julia! Julia Chung was born and raised in New Jersey but hopes to be considered an honorary New Yorker. She is a second-year MPA student concentrating in Urban and Social Policy and specializing in Technology, Media, and Communications. After graduating from Vassar College with a BA in Sociology and a minor in Asian Studies, Julia worked at various nonprofits in New York City on issues including housing, immigration, education, and civic engagement. Photo courtesy of: Sandy Zhang What were you doing before you came to SIPA? Before SIPA, I spent four years working at various nonprofits in New York City, focusing on immigration advocacy and civic engagement. After working on various grassroots-level campaigns, I realized that I needed more knowledge and expertise. I decided that the best way to serve my community was to first learn how to create better policies and how to better include multiple voices and communities in policy-making. What attracted you to SIPA and Columbia University? When looking at graduate schools, the two factors that were most important to me were the classes and professors and where the school was located. I wanted to be in a city so I could remain involved in local issues and I wanted professors that had expertise on social policy and municipal governments. After my acceptance, I sat in on Mark Steitz’s Data Driven Approaches to Campaigns and Advocacy class. Less than half way through the class, I knew that SIPA was the school for me. It was clear that SIPA would not only provide the theory and best-practices about policymaking, but also teach the practical skills I needed to further my career. How did you find the core curriculum at SIPA? With no previous quantitative experience, I was apprehensive about the economics and quantitative analysis series. However, in the end, I found both to be extremely useful. Microeconomics and macroeconomics provided me greater insight in why governments make certain decisions around monetary and fiscal policy. And having enjoyed Quantitative Analysis I, I enrolled in Quantitative Analysis II, which is not required, the next semester. Now I highly recommend all students to take Quantitative Analysis II because I think it’s crucial for all policymakers to know how critique the methods of an academic journal article. How did you obtain your internship? I found the general internship posting for NYC Department of Transportation on SIPAlink, our platform for career resources. Having had mainly nonprofit experience, I was looking for opportunities in municipal government. Soon after sending in my resume and cover letter, I was invited to interview with the Grants Management team and offered a College Aid position. What are your goals for the second year? Having completed all my core classes for my degree and concentration in my first year, almost all my second year classes will be elective courses. My goal for the second year is to continue building my skills in design thinking and data analysis. I also want to take classes in other Columbia University schools, such as Mailman School of Public Health and Columbia Business School. What do you think makes a good SIPA student or what qualities do stellar SIPA students typically possess? I think stellar SIPA students typically are: Skilled in time management. There’s quite a bit to juggle between lectures, recitations, office hours, club meetings, networking events, group projects, and life in general! A stellar student knows exactly how much they can take on, where to allocate their energy and when they need to say no and have some self-care time. Open minded and willing to listen to other perspectives. Classmates are from all walks of life with different personal and professional experiences. We don’t always agree on the merits of certain policies or hold similar political views, but we have to respectfully hear the other perspective. Proactive in getting involved in SIPA and off campus. There are so many events and opportunities at SIPA, but also in New York City. Stellar students do their research and get involved!

Defining Crime - 1266 Words

Defining Criminal Justice The six television shows that depict the law enforcement, corrections, and courts components of the criminal justice system are Matlock, Law and Order, Serpico, A Few Good Men, Kojak, and Canterbury’s Law. Matlock is a television show that has legal drama, and Andy Griffith has a main role as a criminal defense attorney. Matlock will gather evidence to identify the perpetrators to confront them in the courtroom with interrogation in the court room scenes. Also, he seeks to prove the innocence of his clients as he takes on their case which is murder most of the time (William Felchner, n.d). However, Matlock is assisted with a team of other lawyers. The show depicts the criminal courts component, because Matlock†¦show more content†¦Therefore, Frank Serpico works in the criminal justice system, and this television show depict all three components. In law enforcement, Serpico enforced the law by bring down corrupted law enforcement officers to apprehend the offenders. In the criminal courts, the offenders received a fair and impartial trial as well as uphold the law. Therefore, when found guilty the offenders will move to the Department of Corrections where they will carry out their sentence that the judge rendered in court. The stages of the criminal justice system are fair, because offenders are prosecuted and justice is served. A Few Good Men is a movie of a Navy lawyer named Lt. Kaffee who has never step foot inside of a courtroom, but defends two Marines who are stubborn and have been accused of murdering their colleague. Lieutenant Daniel Kaffee is much known as being lazy, but he has arranged for his clients a plea bargain. Kaffee gets rejected by his clients who claim they were following orders, and won’t take a lesser punishment because that would somehow mean that they weren’t doing the honorable thing. However, Also, the movie is based on a conspiracy that is high-leveled and the military lawyers at a court martial are defending their clients, because something is fishy whereas the victim is given a code red (David Freedman, 2011). Therefore, all in this entire movie shows the court room proceedings as the lawyer seeks fairness and justice atShow MoreRelatedDefining and Measuring Crime1557 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction To Crime, Defining and Measuring Crime Alistair Van Oudtshoorn Due Date: 23 April, 5:00pm Tutor: Thalia Edmonds Tutor Group: Wednesday 10:00am-10: 50am Table Of Contents. Introduction Page 3 Violent Crime Page 3 White-Collar Crime Page 3 Internet Crime Page 4 Property Crime Page 4 Conclusion Page 4 References Page 6 Crime has always been a shadow upon societies image, these learned behaviors can be seen in all shapes and sizes, in the cities, in the streets andRead MoreDefining Crime As A Social Phenomenon Essay1074 Words   |  5 Pages1) What is meant by term criminology is the body of knowledge that regards crime as being a social phenomenon; it can include the many processes involved in making laws, breaking laws, and also has a hand in how we as a society react to the breaking of crimes, so in short, rules assist in regulating behavior. 2) Rules act as the key principle in allowing society to function as smoothly as possible; without rules or regulations society would not have the structure and balance it currently has orRead MoreDifficulties Involved in Defining and Measuring Crime and Deviance1049 Words   |  5 Pagesthe problems between crime and deviance, what counts as crime and deviance and how it varies with place and time. 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There are manyRead MoreCriminology And The Social Theory Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pagesstrategies to overcome street crimes) and sociology (such as the deviance amplification model). The collaboration between various disciplines and experts within the field means the complexity of crime is valued highly. Jock Young, ‘In Praise of Dangerous Thoughts: a Review’ explains how criminology aids the ability to look at criminal behaviour in a micro sense as ‘an intricate understanding of crime initiates thorough conceptualisation of people and wider society in relation to crime.’ Due to the natureRead MoreEssay on Factors Affecting the Complexity of Criminal Behavior1489 Words   |  6 Pagesbecome a criminal. In considering this, the question ‘what makes a criminal a criminal’ will be discussed. Defining criminal behaviour is itself, difficult as it could be considered a wide range of behaviours from tasting fruit at the market to speeding to swearing at someone in frustration. Further to this discussion is a consideration of the roles that society and individuals have in defining and contributing to people engaging in criminal behaviours. There are a range of theories that attempt toRead MoreCrime and Punishment Essay1717 Words   |  7 PagesCrime at its simplest is an act prohibited by law upon pain of punishment (Hall-Williams 1964). Theorists such as McCabe (1983:49) stated that no word in legal and criminological terms could define the word crime for the varying content in which an act is categorised. Due to the broad spectrum surroundin g crime, differing understandings about human subjects and premises lead to the development of several theories, assumptions and forms of criminal law. Michael and Adler (1933:2) are often cited

How Is The Theme Of Suffering Shown Throughout All Three...

How is the theme of suffering shown in all three poems? Chinua Achebe’s sonnet is a story of a defiant mother, in a poorly kept refugee camp loving and caring for her ill son whose death is inevitable. The theme of suffering is prominent across the whole poem. For instance the mother’s son who is suffering in pain and will eventually die, this is shown in the poem when it says, ‘she soon would have to forget’, this statement suggests that her son is dying and that she will soon have to move on. Not only that the mother is suffering due to the fact she herself is starving this shown when there is a sudden ellipsis in the paragraph, the ellipsis is a projection of her own thoughts being interrupted due to the fact that she is suffering from hunger. The mother would also be suffering from distraught and stress due to her circumstances. The villanelle is structured quite freely and flows without interruption. The tone softens as the poem goes on this is to represent the fact that the boy is dying. Soft language is u sed towards the end such as, ‘a ghost smile’ also, ’flowers’ which lay on his somewhat of a grave. I used the word somewhat due to the fact that his grave is describe as, ‘tiny’ which suggests that his grave is not designated to his size. The boy has suffered enough and even in his grave the boy’s body will be suffering due to the lack of space and a proper burial. The villanelle that is War photographer is about a war photographer that seems to care about doing goodShow MoreRelated Exile And Pain In Three Elegiac Poems Essay912 Words   |  4 PagesThere is a great similarity between the three elegiac poems, The Wanderer, The Wife of Lament, and The Seafarer. This similarity is the theme of exile. Exile means separation, or banishment from ones native country, region, or home. During the Anglo Saxon period, exile caused a great amount of pain and grief. 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Essay on Emersons Transcedentalist Beliefs - 2008 Words

Every so often throughout history, great doers and thinkers come along that break the mold and set new standards. People like Caesar, Shakespeare, Napoleon and Jesus have been studied and immortalized in volumes of texts. Then there are others who are not as well known. People like Ralph Waldo Emerson. From his life, writings, associates, beliefs and philosophy, this Concord, Massachusetts man has set his place as a hero in American literature and philosophy (Bloom 13). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The first, most important thing to mention about Ralph Waldo Emerson is that he was not a Transcendentalist philosopher (Bloom 1). Ralph Emerson was a poet, critic, essayist, and a believer of morals (Bloom 2). Many people look at what he†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;His book, Nature, summarized his major ideas (Siepmann 300) and is the original and the best expression of transcendentalist philosophy (Spiller 346). Nature expresses his philosophy for the love of natural scenes where Emerson spent most of his time (Hart 256). The basic idea Emerson expressed in Nature is that nature is God’s ideal made clear to man. Emerson expressed that nature reveals truth, disciplines man, and rewards man when used properly and punishes man for abuse (Masterpieces 258). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Through his essays and addresses, Emerson accomplished becoming the leading transcendentalist in America. He also became one of the greatest American philosophers of all time (Masterpieces 258). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Emerson had many friends that helped him with his movement. Most of them were fellow writers, theologians, orators, and artists that were involved with the New England Transcendentalist movement. Emerson felt physically and intellectually closest to Amos Alcott, Margaret Fuller, and Henry David Thoreau (Wood 77). Some of Emerson’s other close friends were Ellery Channin and Nathaniel Hawthorne (Snodgrass 515). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Emerson and his friends formed a club called the Symposium. The Symposium later became known as the Transcendentalist Club. The club was made up

International Expansion Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Creates a Complete International Business Report. Answer: Introduction In this era of globalization, organizations want to explore the global avenues for expansion. The use of Information Technology and advancements in e-commerce has further pushed the organizations strategy to expand. There was a time when organizations used to target only the domestic market. However, in recent times, the competition has increased significantly. Today, the focus of the organizations is to expand in the global market to increase their market share. It is important that organizations must clearly understand the international market (Hillyer, Finch, Cerel, Dattelbaum Leopold, 2014). There would obviously be various cultural, economic and other challenges. It is important that the organizations must have a strategy in place to overcome these challenges. The objective of this paper is to discuss the expansion of an organization in an international market. The selected organization for this paper is Toys R Us and the selected market is India. The market of toy industries is developing in domestic as well as international arena (Nag, Han Yao, 2014). The buying capacity of buyers is increasing rapidly and the economy is liberal which leads to easy decision in terms of Making or Buying. Toys are considered to be developing the children intellectually and emotionally as well by the customers. A brief organizational background can be discussed as: Organizational background (Toys R Us) Toys R Us, Inc. is based in New Jersey and it operates as baby products and toys retailer along with its subsidiaries. It mainly produces products for children up to four years of age. The largest share of its market is USA followed by other countries globally including Europe, Japan, Canada, UK, China and South East Asia, etc. It has high brand resonance and has good positioning as Toys retailer and has cultivated loyalty in its customers through quality products and efficient communications. But recently company witnessed a declining sales trend in its market due to competition and declining demand due to decrease in birth rates in its market and this is one of the drivers for the company to expand internationally. The overseas expansion strategies for Toys R Us can be discussed as: Overseas expansion drivers for Toys R Us Toys R Us is toys and baby products retailers which is facing decline in its sales due to decrease in the target segment in its current markets. So, it is trying to tap into new markets as well where there is good opportunity in terms of earning revenues. Countries like India, Sri Lanka, Nigeria and Russia have been considered and compared as the probable markets where the market could be extended (Vogel, 2014). Potential target markets of India, Sri Lanka, Nigeria and Russia The current market situations in these countries are analyzed considering 12 C frameworks in view: Russia is a developed economy with less population and Sri Lanka and India are developing countries with higher population (Garton, 2017). Nigeria is an underdeveloped economy with high population which is witnessing high developments recently. In Russia, according to their culture, people tend to buy toys from specialty stores whereas in India, Sri Lanka and Nigeria, majority buys from small markets where the products are supposed to be at cheaper rate. However, the high-end customers are increasing in these countries as well. India and Sri Lanka are the Asian countries which have developing economies in which India is growing rapidly followed by Sri Lanka. This leads to increase in the capacity to pay but still they are mostly price sensitive. Russia is a grown market here people tend to invest more in toys especially in urban areas. In Nigeria, customers are highly price sensitive and tend to opt for cheap products (Balland, 2014). The demand for consumption in India is very high due to large population and there is large estimated growth in coming decade for the toy industry (Niu, 2013). Other countries have also average demands due to less population in Russia and less purchasing power parity in Sri Lanka and Nigeria. Currency of Russia is strong and that of India, Sri Lanka and Nigeria comparatively weak as they are developing countries whereas Russia has already a well-developed economy. Customers have more choices in Russia as there are already many toy companies whereas in other countries like India, Sri Lanka and Nigeria, there are still very less number of toy companies as compared to their population demand (Khajeheian, 2016). Hence, all the countries have their pros and cons and Toys R Us should go for the best option with long term view and market share and profits in consideration. It can be said that the best option for Toys R Us is India and therefore, this report will discuss the expansion of Toys R Us in Indian market. Brief introduction to India In India, in various parts, people invest less in toys due to presence of cheap options. But now people are understanding the safety value in the usage of toys by their children (Robertson, 2013). The toy industry is labor intensive and small sectors are predominantly producing and manufacturing. Innovative toys have witnessed increased demands in Indian market. Due to large population, it can inculcate and have enough capacity to have great demands even in the face of competition. Before entering India, Toys R Us should consider the requirements of customers there and according to the sentiments, product lines should be established The PESTLE analysis fir India can be discussed as: PESTLE analysis for Toys R Us in Indian market The PESTLE analysis for Indian market for the toys industry in general can be discussed as: Political Legal factors The political and legal factors can be considered as positive for the players in toys industry. There is heavy potential for cooperating with the multi- national companies for toys and baby products (Lin, Hong Jao, 2008). There could be development of low cost high quality manufacturing which could be enabled by using alliances strategically. The government is supporting and encouraging Foreign Direct Investments in India. Currently, Chinese products have largest market share which provides cheap products (Khajeheian, 2016). The consumer preferences are changing but the designing of products and adaptability of changes is less in toys products due to lack of technology. The government of India wants that people should have options other than the Chinese products. At the same time, it is important to mention that corruption rate is high in the country and the country does not score well in the ease of doing business in Indian market. Therefore, it would be correct to say that political and legal factors are average for the companies in toy segment to enter the Indian market and grow their business. Economic factors The production of toys could be done in India itself as here skilled labour is available at cheaper rate and women constitute the majority of toy manufacturing workforce (Hanerlio?ullar?, ?en Aktun, 2016). There is tremendous growth in the market domestically in India. Now, the disposable income is increasing, which leads to an increasing in purchasing power of the consumers (iko, 2015). Now consumers are getting aware of the international brands and they are growing interests and confidence towards the same. The raw materials and skilled labours are easily available in Indian market at a low price. The overhead costs are low and also due to large population, variety of demand is present. There is less economy of scale due to less penetration and hence, the production cost is comparatively high (Christensen, Anthony, Roth, 2013). The support system of vendors is currently inconsistent and insufficient. The customer feedback system is not efficient. The surplus income of middle clas s family which is the largest chunk in India is increased and will be increasing in the coming years as per the economic growth. The economy of India is growing at a CAGR (Compounded Annual Growth Rate) of more than 6% (Garton, 2017). This is one of the best growth rate in the international market. Therefore, it would be correct to say that economic factors are favorable for the companies in toy segment to enter the Indian market and grow their business. Social Cultural Ethical factors The joint family culture is now diminishing and nuclear family culture is imbibing in India (Vogel, 2014). Due to which, people have more focus towards their childrens requirements. Around 40% of the toys consumed are from organized sector, which has increased from previous decade and is continuously increasing. There is an estimated growth rate of 15%- 20% annually in the coming five years (Hillyer,2014). The government is focusing on increase in Foreign Direct Investments for the growth of economy which leads to easy penetration in the market. The social and cultural factors can be termed as positive for players in the toys industry. There children are accompanied by their parents or other elders and they are only influencers, the ultimate decision of purchasing toy and baby products is generally that of the elders (Lin, 2008). Accordingly, the integrated marketing communication of toys and baby products must be done in order to resonate during making purchase decision by the custo mer. The ethical factors are not good in Indian market. According to 2016 results ofCorruption Perception IndexofTransparency International, India ranks 79th place out of 176 countries.The corruption is high in the Indian market and the ethical standards of people is less than the global average. Therefore, it would be correct to say that social and cultural factors are favorable for the companies in toy segment to enter the Indian market and grow their business. The ethical factors are not favorable for Toys R Us to operate in Indian market. Technological factors Innovative toys are in markets which are attracting customers and they also tend to buy more frequently due to this to have variety in their childrens play. There is lack of the facilities of development and research in India itself. The technical knowledge is fragmented. There are not specific professional and strong associations for Toys industries (Bhatia, 2015). There is lack of coordination amongst the toys manufacturers. Currently, there are general purposed machines largely which are used to produce the specialized products. Hence, innovation is lacking and capability framework is of poor quality due to improper tooling facilities (Niu, Miles Lee, 2013). The video games and other electronic toys have improper technical capabilities till now. In the last decade or so, there has been a significant increase in the use of technology in gaming sector (Mahon McGowan, 2010). Therefore, it would be correct to say that technological factors are favorable for the companies in toy segment to enter the Indian market and grow their business. Environmental factors The environmental factors are not much great for the organizations in the toy industry. Operation capabilities in India of toy products are comparatively less which leads to large investments initially for the development of specialized products such as toys and baby products. The quality and safety standards are yet not appropriate in terms of material and designing of products for children. India does not have good edge in terms of competition for electronic toys which have recently witnessed heavy increase in demands (Balland, Belso-Martnez Morrison, 2014). Children are now giving more time to their studies or computers and internet which leads to decrease in the physical play by them. It is reported that the manufacturers of toys use plastic and it is not good for environment (Oudan, 2010). This is the reason that environmentalist have various complaints and issues against the players in the toys industry. Therefore, it would be correct to say that environmental factors are not favorable for the companies in toy segment to enter the Indian market and grow their business. Macro and Competitive Factors that influence Global Toys Industry- There are various factors affecting the Global Toys Industry such as following: Birth Rate- There is decrease in birth rates as people are now focusing on population control. Also, various governments of different countries also encourage people to have less number of children to have better living standards (Bhatia, 2015). Due to this, decrease in demands is seen in various countries for baby products as target segment is shrinking. Entertainment Industry- Buyers may not be the users of toys. Hence, to encourage them for buying the toys, it is required that toys industry is integrated with the entertainment industry (Robertson Breen, 2013). Products for girls- There has been major increase in demands of toys for girls. Hence, more product lines of toys must be developed for girls (Sisko, 2015). Conclusion Toys R Us could expand its international markets to generate more market and customers. It could enter into Indian market as it has good estimated CAGR growth in its toys industries. Also, the global toys industry is facing various changes in terms of changing preferences of customers in terms of innovative toys. All these parameters must be considered and after proper Research and Development, Toys R Us should incorporate required changes and maintain its market share and growth. Communication forms an important part in all these countries as customers should be well aware of the products and services provided by Toys R Us over its competitors (Hanerlio?ullar?, 2016). This could be done through following integrated marketing communication. Initially, the company should collaborate with already established stores where their target segments use to buy (Mahon, 2010). In the coming time, when people start getting attracted a loyalty segment is formed, they could operate individually. B ut since India has could witness great demands of branded and quality toys, they should try to acquire more and more customers. Currently urban population tends to spend much more than rural areas where still Chinese cheap toys have notable market share. Hence, Toys R Us should target the metro and other large cities. Also, positioning should be done in a way that the toys are safe for children and help them grow intellectually as well. The toxic aspects including Lead, Nickel etc. of the raw materials used in the manufacturing of toys must be minimal and this must be communicated to the consumers (Oudan, 2010). 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